Paul
Soru Sor
Sorunu sor hemen cevaplansın.
Sorunu sor hemen cevaplansın.
İngilizce - Türkçe
paul teriminin İngilizce Türkçe sözlükte anlamı
- (isim) Paulus
- Paulus {i}
Örnek Cümle:
İsa'nın havarilerinden birinin adı Paulus'tu.
-One of Jesus' disciples was named Paul.
- paul erdös
- paul Erdos
- paul's tube
- (Tıp) Barsak, batın yüzeyine ağızlaştırılıdğı zaman kullanılan yüksek kenarlı bir cam tüp
- cohen, paul natorp, and others
- cohen, paul natorp ve diğerleri
- rob Peter to pay Paul
- birine olan borcu ödemek için başkasının hakkını yemek
İlgili Terimler
Türkçe - Türkçe
paul teriminin Türkçe Türkçe sözlükte anlamı
- paul cezanne
- izlenimcilik akımının en önemli temsilcilerinden biri olup Kâğıt Oynayanlar, Pipolu Adam, Yıkanan Kadınlar gibi tablolarıyla çağdaş resmi ve özellikle kübizmin estetik gelişimini derinden etkilemiş ünlü Fransız ressam
- paul gauguin
- Nereden Geliyoruz? Kimiz? Nereye Gidiyoruz?, Altın Vücutlar gibi yapıtlarıyla ünlü Fransız ressam
- nai paul
- Gerillalar, Büyülü Tohumlar, Taklitçiler gibi yapıtları dilimize de çevrilen ve 2001 Nobel Edebiyat ödülü'nü kazanan Hint kökenli Trinidadlı yazar
- peter paul rubens
- Barok resmin duygusal yönünü en iyi işleyen Flaman ressam
İlgili Terimler
İngilizce - İngilizce
paul teriminin İngilizce İngilizce sözlükte anlamı
- In the New Testament, Apostle to the Gentiles and author of fourteen epistles
- A male given name of biblical origin
- A patronymic surname
- given name, male
- American feminist who founded (1916) the separatist National Woman's Party and wrote (1923) the first equal rights amendment to be considered by the U.S. Congress. orig. Alessandro Farnese born Feb. 29, 1468, Canino, Papal States died Nov. 10, 1549, Rome Pope (1534-49). The son of a noble Tuscan family, he was made a cardinal-deacon in 1493 and served as bishop in Parma and Ostia before being named dean of the College of Cardinals by Pope Leo X. Ordained a priest in 1519, he was unanimously elected pope in 1534. Though loose in morals in earlier years (he had three sons and a daughter), he became an efficient promoter of reform, convening the Council of Trent in 1545 and initiating the Counter-Reformation. He also supported the newly founded Jesuits and was a patron of the arts, the last in the tradition of the Renaissance popes. orig. Giovanni Battista Montini born Sept. 26, 1897, Concesio, near Brescia, Italy died Aug. 6, 1978, Castel Gandolfo Pope (1963-78). Educated at Brescia and ordained in 1920, he continued his studies in Rome, earning degrees in civil and canon law. He was a church diplomat for much of his career, until he was named archbishop of Milan in 1954. He became a cardinal in 1958, and in 1963 he was elected pope. Paul VI presided over the final sessions of the Second Vatican Council and appointed commissions to carry out its reforms, including revisions in the mass. He also relaxed rules on fasting, removed a number of questionable saints from the church's calendar, and enforced conservative positions on birth control and clerical celibacy. He promoted ecumenism and was the first pope to travel widely, visiting Israel, India, Asia, and Latin America. Russian Pavel Petrovich born Oct. 1, 1754, St. Petersburg, Russia died March 23, 1801, St. Petersburg Tsar of Russia (1796-1801). He was the son of Peter III and Catherine II, whom he succeeded as emperor in 1796. He reversed many of Catherine's policies, strengthened the autocracy, and established the law of succession within the male line of the Romanov dynasty. He provoked the hostility of the nobles and the army with his tyrannical rule and capricious foreign policy, which drew Russia into war with France. In a plot by the nobles to depose him and place his son Alexander (later Alexander I) on the throne, Paul was assassinated. Barras Paul François Jean Nicolas viscount de Belmondo Jean Paul Berg Paul Bert Paul Birtwistle Sir Harrison Paul Borduas Paul Émile Bowles Paul Frederick Braudel Paul Achille Fernand Brazza Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Broca Paul Brook Sir Peter Stephen Paul Paul William Bryant Bunyan Paul Cambon Pierre Paul Celan Paul Paul Antschel Cézanne Paul Claudel Paul Louis Charles Marie Creston Paul de Man Paul Déroulède Paul Joseph Paul DiMaggio Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Doré Gustave Paul Dukas Paul Abraham Dunbar Paul Laurence Ehrlich Paul Ehrlich Paul Ralph Éluard Paul Erdös Paul Foucault Michel Paul Gauguin Eugène Henri Paul Getty Museum J. Paul Getty Trust J. Paul Getty Jean Paul Gide André Paul Guillaume Goebbels Paul Joseph Greengard Paul Grévy François Paul Jules Harvey Paul Heyse Paul Johann Ludwig von Hindemith Paul Indy Paul Marie Theodore Vincent d' Jobs Steven Paul John Paul II Jones John Paul John Paul Kagame Paul Kane Paul Klee Paul Kruger Paul Lamerie Paul de Marat Jean Paul Martin Paul McCartney Sir James Paul Newman Paul Nurse Sir Paul M. Paul III Paul VI Paul Les Paul Lewis Paul Saint Poiret Paul Pollock Paul Jackson Prud'hon Pierre Paul Erich Paul Kramer Reuter Paul Julius Baron von Reuter Revere Paul Reynaud Paul Richter Curt Paul Riopelle Jean Paul Robeson Paul Bustill Roussel Albert Charles Paul Marie Rubens Peter Paul Saint Paul Saint Paul River Saint Paul's Cathedral Samuelson Paul Anthony Sartre Jean Paul Scarron Paul Scofield David Paul Scott Paul Mark Signac Paul Simon Paul Frederic Spaak Paul Henri Stevens John Paul Strand Paul Taylor Paul Belville Tillich Paul Johannes Valéry Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Verlaine Paul Marie Vincent de Paul Saint Volcker Paul Adolph Warfield Paul Weingartner Paul Felix lord von Münzberg Whiteman Paul Wigner Eugene Paul Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk Hindenburg Paul von Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg Lafayette Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier marquis de
- first name; family name; one of the apostles of Jesus {i}
- United States feminist (1885-1977)
- (Saint) A Jew who was converted to Christianity and who took the gospel to the Gentiles Wrote many of the epistles
- (St ) Patron saint of preachers and tentmakers Originally called Saul The name was changed in honour of Sergius Paulus, whom he converted His symbols are a sword and open book, the former the instrument of his martyrdom, and the latter indicative of the new law propagated by him as the apostle of the Gentiles He is represented of short stature, with bald head and grey, bushy beard Born at Giscalis, a town of Judaea, from which he removed, with his parents, to Tarsus, of Cilicia Tribe, that of Benjamin Taught by Gamaliel Beheaded by a sword in the fourteenth year of Nero On the same day as Peter was crucified Buried in the Ostian Way (See Eusebius: Hieronymus )
- (St ) Patron saint of preachers and tentmakers Originally called Saul The name was changed in honour of Serigus Paulus, whom he converted His symbol are a sword and open book, the former the instrument of his martyrdom, and the latter indicative of the new law propagated by him as the apostle of the Gentiles He is represented of short stature, with bald head and grey, bushy beard Born at Giscalis, a town of Judaea, from which he removed, with his parents, to Tarsus, of Cilicia Tribe, that of Benjamin Taught by Gamaliel Beheaded by a sword in the fourteenth year of Nero On the same day as Peter was crucified Buried in the Ostian Way (See Eusebius: Hicronymus )
- (New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an apostle; "Paul's name was Saul prior to his conversion to Christianity"
- The founder of Christianity Paul totally misunderstood Jesus
- Served as King Peter II's regent until the young king assumed full control of the country in 1941 at the age of 17
- An Italian silver coin
- public relations
- Paul Allen's flower flies
- plural form of Paul Allen's flower fly
- Paul Allen's flower fly
- A species of flower fly from Costa Rica, scientific name Eristalis alleni
- Paul -Abraham Dukas
- born Oct. 1, 1865, Paris, France died May 17, 1935, Paris French composer. Born into a musical family, he studied at the Paris Conservatoire. His first success was the overture Polyeucte (1892). Perfectionism led him to destroy much of his work. His fame rests almost entirely on the tone poem The Sorceror's Apprentice (1897); his other surviving works include the opera Ariane et Barbe-Bleue (1906), the ballet La Péri (1912), and a symphony (1896)
- Paul -Louis-Charles-Marie Claudel
- born Aug. 6, 1868, Villeneuve-sur-Fère, France died Feb. 23, 1955, Paris French poet, playwright, and diplomat. He converted to Catholicism at age
- Paul -Louis-Charles-Marie Claudel
- His brilliant diplomatic career began in 1892, and he eventually served as ambassador to Japan (1921-27) and the U.S. (1927-33). At the same time he pursued a literary career, expressing in poetry and drama his conception of the grand design of creation. He reached his largest audience through plays such as Break of Noon (1906), The Hostage (1911), Tidings Brought to Mary (1912), and his masterpiece, The Satin Slipper (1929); recurring themes in these works are human and divine love and the search for salvation. He wrote the librettos for Darius Milhaud's opera Christopher Columbus (1930) and Arthur Honegger's oratorio Joan of Arc (1938). His best-known poetic work is the confessional Five Great Odes (1910)
- Paul -Marie Verlaine
- v. born March 30, 1844, Metz, France died Jan. 8, 1896, Paris French lyric poet. After entering the civil service, he was first associated with the Parnassian poets, contributing to the first volume of the anthology Le Parnasse contemporain (1866). His early collections, Poèmes saturniens (1866), Fêtes galantes (1869), La Bonne chanson (1870), and Romances sans paroles (1874), show the intense lyricism and musicality that would mark all his verse. His marriage was shattered by his infatuation with Arthur Rimbaud, and the two scandalized Paris with their behaviour in 1872-73. While in prison in Belgium (1873-75) for shooting Rimbaud when the latter threatened to leave him, he converted to Catholicism and probably composed the famous "Art poétique," adopted in 1882 by the poets of the Symbolist movement. Sagesse (1880) expresses his religious faith and his emotional odyssey. He later taught French and English; he spent his late years in poverty, but just before his death he was sponsored for a major international lecture tour. His Les Poètes maudits (1884; "The Accursed Poets") consists of short biographical studies of six poets, including Stéphane Mallarmé and Rimbaud. He is regarded as the third great member (with Charles Baudelaire and Mallarmé) of the so-called Decadents
- Paul A Volcker
- v. born Sept. 5, 1927, Cape May, N.J., U.S. U.S. economist. He worked as an economist for the Chase Manhattan Bank (1957-61; 1965-68). As an undersecretary at the U.S. Treasury Department (1969-74), Volcker was the chief architect of the U.S.'s abandonment of the gold-exchange standard and the devaluations of the U.S. dollar (1971, 1973). After serving as president of the Federal Reserve Bank (1975-79), he was appointed head of the Federal Reserve System in 1979 by Pres. Jimmy Carter and served until 1987. To end a period of very high inflation, he slowed the growth of the money supply and allowed interest rates to rise, causing a recession (1982-83) but dramatically reducing inflation
- Paul Achille Fernand Braudel
- born Aug. 24, 1902, Luméville, France died Nov. 28, 1985, Haute-Savoie French historian and educator. While a prisoner of the Germans during World War II, Braudel wrote from memory his thesis on the history of the Mediterranean region in the 16th century, later published as The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Phillip II (1949). With Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre, he became an influential leader of the Annales school, which emphasized the effects of factors such as climate, geography, and demographics on history. His second major work was Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century (1967, 1979)
- Paul Adolph Volcker
- v. born Sept. 5, 1927, Cape May, N.J., U.S. U.S. economist. He worked as an economist for the Chase Manhattan Bank (1957-61; 1965-68). As an undersecretary at the U.S. Treasury Department (1969-74), Volcker was the chief architect of the U.S.'s abandonment of the gold-exchange standard and the devaluations of the U.S. dollar (1971, 1973). After serving as president of the Federal Reserve Bank (1975-79), he was appointed head of the Federal Reserve System in 1979 by Pres. Jimmy Carter and served until 1987. To end a period of very high inflation, he slowed the growth of the money supply and allowed interest rates to rise, causing a recession (1982-83) but dramatically reducing inflation
- Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
- born Aug. 8, 1902, Bristol, Gloucestershire, Eng. died Oct. 20, 1984, Tallahassee, Fla., U.S. English mathematician and theoretical physicist. His first major contribution, in 1925-26, was a general and logically simple form of quantum mechanics. About the same time, he developed ideas of Enrico Fermi which led to Fermi-Dirac statistics. He then applied Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity to the quantum mechanics of the electron and showed that the electron must have spin of 1 2 . His theory also revealed new states later identified with the positron. He shared the 1933 Nobel Prize for Physics with Erwin Schrödinger. In 1932 Dirac was appointed to the Lucasian mathematics professorship at the University of Cambridge, a chair once occupied by Isaac Newton. He retired from Cambridge in 1968 and became professor emeritus at Florida State University in 1971
- Paul Allen
- {i} (born 1953) United States entrepreneur, cofounder of Microsoft, one of the richest men in the world
- Paul Anthony Samuelson
- born May 15, 1915, Gary, Ind., U.S. U.S. economist. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard and taught at Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1940, becoming an emeritus professor in 1986. His Foundations of Economic Analysis (1947) outlines a basic theme of his work, the universal nature of consumer behaviour as the key to economic theory. His studies included the dynamics of economic systems, analyses of public goods, welfare economics, and public expenditure. His most influential work was perhaps his mathematical formulation of multiplier and accelerator effects and, in consumption analysis, his development of the theory of revealed preference. His classic Economics (1948) is the best-selling U.S. economics textbook of all time. For his fundamental contributions to nearly all branches of economics, he became in 1970 the third person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences
- Paul Belville Taylor
- born July 29, 1930, Wilkinsburg, Pa., U.S. U.S. modern dancer, choreographer, and director. In 1953 he joined Martha Graham's company, where he was a leading soloist until 1960. In 1957 he established the Paul Taylor Dance Company. As a choreographer he employed a wide variety of movement styles, some of which he described as "flat" (two-dimensional in appearance), "dance scribbling" (emphasis on action rather than on shape or line), and "lyric" ("long arms"). His works include Duet (1957), Aureole (1962), Orbs (1966), and Nightshade (1979). In 1993 he formed Taylor 2, a small group of dancers who perform in smaller venues and teach the Taylor style
- Paul Berg
- born June 30, 1926, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. biochemist. He received his Ph.D. from Western Reserve University. While studying the actions of isolated genes, he devised methods for splitting DNA molecules at selected sites and attaching the resulting segments to the DNA of a virus or plasmid, which could then enter bacterial or animal cells. The foreign DNA was incorporated into the host and caused the synthesis of proteins not ordinarily found there. One of the earliest practical results of this research was the development of a strain of bacteria that contained the gene for producing insulin. In 1980 Berg shared a Nobel Prize with Walter Gilbert (b. 1932) and Frederick Sanger
- Paul Bert
- born Oct. 17, 1833, Auxerre, Yonne, France died Nov. 11, 1886, Hanoi French physiologist, founder of modern aerospace medicine. He taught for many years at the Sorbonne and served as a deputy in the government from 1872-86. His research on the effects of air pressure on the body helped make possible the exploration of space and the ocean depths. Bert found the main cause of altitude sickness to be low atmospheric oxygen content and showed decompression sickness to be due to nitrogen bubbles formed in the blood during rapid drops in external pressure
- Paul Bouin
- {i} (1870-1962) French histologist
- Paul Bowles
- born Dec. 30, 1910, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Nov. 18, 1999, Tangier, Mor. U.S.-Moroccan composer, writer, and translator. Bowles studied composition with Aaron Copland and wrote music for more than 30 plays and films. He moved to Morocco in the 1940s. He set his best-known novel, The Sheltering Sky (1948; film, 1990), in Tangier. His protagonists, both in that novel and elsewhere, are often Westerners maimed by their contact with traditional cultures that bewilder them, and violent events and psychological collapse are recounted in a detached and elegant style. His wife, Jane Bowles (1917-73), is known for the novel Two Serious Ladies (1943) and the play In the Summer House (1953)
- Paul Broca
- born June 28, 1824, Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, Fr. died July 9, 1880, Paris French surgeon. His study of brain lesions contributed significantly to understanding of the origins of aphasia. Much of Broca's research concerned the comparative study of the skulls of the races of humankind, work that aided the development of modern physical anthropology. He originated methods to study the brain's form, structure, and surface features and sections of prehistoric skulls. His discovery (1861) of the brain's speech centre (convolution of Broca) was the first anatomical proof of localization of brain function
- Paul Broca
- {i} (1824-1880) French doctor and anthropologist
- Paul Bryant
- a US college football coach (=teacher) who set a record for winning the most games (1913-83)
- Paul Bunyan
- A giant lumberjack who performs superhuman acts in American folklore. a giant (=an extremely large man) in old American stories. He was a lumberjack (=someone whose job is to cut down trees) from the forests of Canada and the north US, who travelled with a blue ox called Babe. They changed the shape of the land as they walked along, for example by making mountains and also the Grand Canyon. Legendary giant lumberjack of the U.S. frontier. A symbol of strength and vitality, he is accompanied by a giant blue ox, Babe. He was credited with creating Puget Sound, digging the Grand Canyon, and building the Black Hills, and was known for his prodigious appetite, eating hotcakes off a griddle so large it was greased by men using sides of bacon as skates. Tales of his exploits probably originated in lumber camps, and were first published by James MacGillivray in "The Round River Drive" (1910), which soon led to a national myth
- Paul Bustill Robeson
- born April 9, 1898, Princeton, N.J., U.S. died Jan. 23, 1976, Philadelphia, Pa. U.S. singer, actor, and activist. Born to a former slave turned preacher and a Quaker mother, Robeson attended Rutgers University, where he was an All-America football player. Graduating at the head of his class, he went on to earn a law degree at Columbia University. Because of a lack of opportunity for African Americans in law, he turned to theatre, joining a group that included Eugene O'Neill and appearing in his All God's Chillun Got Wings (1924) and The Emperor Jones (1924), a huge success in New York City and London. He also starred in the film version of The Emperor Jones (1933). Robeson's superb bass-baritone brought him worldwide renown with his performance of "Ol' Man River" in Show Boat (1928). His lead role in Othello won high praise in London (1930) and on Broadway (1943). He visited the Soviet Union in 1934 and became identified with leftist politics. In 1950 his passport was withdrawn because he refused to disclaim membership in the Communist Party. Viciously harassed and ostracized, Robeson left the U.S. to live in Europe and travel in Soviet-bloc countries, but he returned in 1963 because of ill health
- Paul Cadmus
- {i} (1904-1999) United States etcher and painter
- Paul Cambon
- born Jan. 20, 1843, Paris, France died May 29, 1924, Paris French diplomat. He worked in the civil service (1870-82) before entering the diplomatic service, in which he served as ambassador to Spain and Turkey. Appointed ambassador to Britain (1898-1920), he spent his first years in smoothing over Anglo-French relations. His efforts were crowned by the signing of the Entente Cordiale in 1904. During World War I he continued to play a vital role in cooperation between the two allies
- Paul Ce'zanne
- {i} (1839-1906) French postimpressionist painter who greatly influenced the development of modern art, creator of "Bathers" and "House of the Hanged Man
- Paul Celan
- orig. Paul Antschel born Nov. 23, 1920, Cernu i, Rom. died May 1, 1970, Paris, France Romanian poet who wrote in German. When Romania came under Nazi control during World War II, Celan, a Jew, was sent to a forced-labour camp; his parents were murdered. He moved to Vienna in 1947 and published his first volume of poetry, The Sand from the Urns, in 1948. His second volume, Poppy and Memory (1952), established his reputation in West Germany. He produced seven more volumes before taking his own life by drowning in the Seine. Celan's dense and complex verse is marked by his experience of World War II; his early poem "Todesfuge" is one of the most famous poetic expressions of the Holocaust
- Paul Cezanne
- {i} (1839-1906) French postimpressionist painter who greatly influenced the development of modern art, creator of "Bathers" and "House of the Hanged Man
- Paul Claudel
- His brilliant diplomatic career began in 1892, and he eventually served as ambassador to Japan (1921-27) and the U.S. (1927-33). At the same time he pursued a literary career, expressing in poetry and drama his conception of the grand design of creation. He reached his largest audience through plays such as Break of Noon (1906), The Hostage (1911), Tidings Brought to Mary (1912), and his masterpiece, The Satin Slipper (1929); recurring themes in these works are human and divine love and the search for salvation. He wrote the librettos for Darius Milhaud's opera Christopher Columbus (1930) and Arthur Honegger's oratorio Joan of Arc (1938). His best-known poetic work is the confessional Five Great Odes (1910)
- Paul Claudel
- born Aug. 6, 1868, Villeneuve-sur-Fère, France died Feb. 23, 1955, Paris French poet, playwright, and diplomat. He converted to Catholicism at age
- Paul Creston
- orig. Giuseppe Guttoveggio born Oct. 10, 1906, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Aug. 24, 1985, San Diego, Calif. U.S. composer. Born to a poor immigrant family, he was largely self-taught in music. His numerous works, many of which achieved wide performance, are highly rhythmical and tonally accessible. They include six symphonies, a Requiem and three masses, and several concertos. He is noted for the rhythmic vitality and full harmonies of his music, which is marked by modern dissonances and polyrhythms
- Paul Dukas
- born Oct. 1, 1865, Paris, France died May 17, 1935, Paris French composer. Born into a musical family, he studied at the Paris Conservatoire. His first success was the overture Polyeucte (1892). Perfectionism led him to destroy much of his work. His fame rests almost entirely on the tone poem The Sorceror's Apprentice (1897); his other surviving works include the opera Ariane et Barbe-Bleue (1906), the ballet La Péri (1912), and a symphony (1896)
- Paul Ehrlich
- born March 14, 1854, Strehlen, Silesia, Prussia died Aug. 20, 1915, Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Ger. German medical scientist. After early work on distribution of foreign substances in the body and on cell nutrition, he found uses for staining agents in diagnosis (including that of tuberculosis) and treatment. He also researched typhoid, fever medications, and eye diseases. In one paper, he showed that different tissues' oxygen consumption reflected the intensity of their cell processes. Ehrlich developed a method of stimulating production of antitoxins by injecting increasing amounts of toxin into animals; his work was crucial to the creation of a diphtheria antitoxin. He and Élie Metchnikoff received a 1908 Nobel Prize. With Sahachiro Hata (1837-1938), he developed Salvarsan, the first effective syphilis treatment, in 1910
- Paul Erdos
- {i} Paul Erdös (1913-1996), Hungarian mathematician
- Paul Erdös
- {i} (1913-1996) Hungarian mathematician
- Paul Erdös
- born March 26, 1913, Budapest, Hung. died Sept. 20, 1996, Warsaw, Pol. Hungarian mathematician. He proved a classic theorem of number theory (1933), founded the study of probabilistic number theory with Aurel Wintner and Mark Kac, proved important results in approximation theory with Paul Turan, and with Atle Selberg gave an astounding elementary proof of the prime number theorem (1949). Famously eccentric, he traveled almost constantly for his last 40 years, collaborating with hundreds of mathematicians on numerous problems
- Paul Felix lord von Münzberg Weingartner
- born June 2, 1863, Zara, Dalmatia, Austrian Empire died May 7, 1942, Winterthur, Switz. Austrian conductor and composer. After studies in Leipzig, he came to the attention of Franz Liszt, who arranged the premiere of Weingartner's first opera at Weimar (1884). He held conducting posts at Danzig, Hamburg, and Mannheim, and he became conductor of the Berlin Opera in 1891. He succeeded Gustav Mahler as conductor of the Vienna Opera (1908-11) and stayed on with the Vienna Philharmonic until 1927. He also directed the Basel Conservatory (1927-33) and was a distinguished writer on music
- Paul Frederic Simon
- born Oct. 13, 1941, Newark, N.J., U.S. U.S. pop singer and songwriter. Simon began performing with Art Garfunkel (b. 1941) in the 1950s, using the name Tom and Jerry. After a break, the two reunited in 1964 as Simon and Garfunkel. Their first hit single was "Sounds of Silence" (1966); others over the next six years included "Mrs. Robinson" (for the film The Graduate) and "Bridge over Troubled Water." After the two parted company, Simon released several hit albums, including Still Crazy After All These Years (1975). His Graceland (1986) album, recorded with African musicians, became the most successful and influential of the new genre of world music. Both African music and Brazilian music informed his album The Rhythm of the Saints (1990). With the West Indian poet Derek Walcott he wrote the Broadway musical The Capeman (1998)
- Paul Frederick Bowles
- born Dec. 30, 1910, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Nov. 18, 1999, Tangier, Mor. U.S.-Moroccan composer, writer, and translator. Bowles studied composition with Aaron Copland and wrote music for more than 30 plays and films. He moved to Morocco in the 1940s. He set his best-known novel, The Sheltering Sky (1948; film, 1990), in Tangier. His protagonists, both in that novel and elsewhere, are often Westerners maimed by their contact with traditional cultures that bewilder them, and violent events and psychological collapse are recounted in a detached and elegant style. His wife, Jane Bowles (1917-73), is known for the novel Two Serious Ladies (1943) and the play In the Summer House (1953)
- Paul Gaugin
- {i} (1848-1903) French postimpressionist painter, student and friend of Camille Pissarro, creator of "The Day of the God" and "The Yellow Christ
- Paul Gauguin
- a French painter who went to live in Tahiti, where he painted brightly coloured scenes which showed the life of the people there (1848-1903). born June 7, 1848, Paris, France died May 8, 1903, Atuona, Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia French painter, sculptor, and printmaker. He spent his childhood in Lima (his mother was a Peruvian Creole). From 1872 to 1883 he was a successful stockbroker in Paris. He met Camille Pissarro about 1875, and he exhibited several times with the Impressionists. Disillusioned with bourgeois materialism, in 1886 he moved to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where he became the central figure of a group of artists known as the Pont-Aven school. Gauguin coined the term "Synthetism" to describe his style during this period, referring to the synthesis of his paintings' formal elements with the idea or emotion they conveyed. Late in October 1888 Gauguin traveled to Arles, in the south of France, to stay with Vincent van Gogh. The style of the two men's work from this period has been classified as Post-Impressionist because it shows an individual, personal development of Impressionism's use of colour, brushstroke, and nontraditional subject matter. Increasingly focused on rejecting the materialism of contemporary culture in favour of a more spiritual, unfettered lifestyle, in 1891 he moved to Tahiti. His works became open protests against materialism. He was an influential innovator; Fauvism owed much to his use of colour, and he inspired Pablo Picasso and the development of Cubism
- Paul Gauguin
- {i} Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), French post-impressionist painter known for use of color
- Paul Greengard
- born Dec. 11, 1925, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. molecular and cellular biologist. He received his Ph.D. from Johns Hopkins University. Greengard discovered how dopamine and other neurotransmitters work in the nervous system. He showed that slow synaptic transmission involves protein phosphorylation, a chemical reaction in which a phosphate molecule is linked to a protein, thus changing the protein's function. Along with Eric Kandel and Arvid Carlsson, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2000. The findings of these three men resulted in the development of new drugs for parkinsonism and other disorders
- Paul Harvey
- born Sept. 4, 1918, Tulsa, Okla., U.S. U.S. radio commentator and news columnist. He worked as an announcer and radio station director in the Midwest in the 1940s. He became a news commentator and analyst for ABC in 1944 and a syndicated columnist in 1954. Noted for his firm, staccato delivery and his conservative but individualistic opinions on current events, he enjoyed an almost unparalleled longevity as a national broadcaster
- Paul Heyse
- born March 15, 1830, Berlin, Prussia died April 2, 1914, Munich, Ger. German writer. An independent scholar, he led a circle of writers in Munich who sought to preserve traditional artistic values from the encroachment of political radicalism, materialism, and realism. His admired short stories and novellas were collected in numerous volumes; he also published novels, including Children of the World (1873) and Merlin (1892), and many unsuccessful plays. Among his best works are his translations of Giacomo Leopardi and other Italian and Spanish poets; many were set to music by Hugo Wolf. His popularity was already declining when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1910
- Paul Hindemith
- a German composer (=a writer of music) who had great influence on 20th century classical music a German airship, which exploded when coming into land in New Jersey, USA, after crossing the Atlantic in 1937. All passengers and crew were killed, and businesses stopped using airships to carry people or goods (1895-1963). born Nov. 16, 1895, Hanau, near Frankfurt am Main, German Empire died Dec. 28, 1963, Frankfurt am Main, W.Ger. German composer. His talent was noticed early, and he received thorough training on viola, violin, clarinet, and piano. He became concertmaster of the Frankfurt Opera at age 20, and his compositions began drawing attention at new-music festivals. Because his wife was Jewish and his music was considered "degenerate" by the Nazis, he left Germany in 1938, settling in the U.S. in 1940. Advocating Gebrauchsmusik ("useful music"), he wrote solo sonatas and concertos for many of the standard orchestral instruments. Mathis der Maler (1935) is the best known of his six operas; the symphony based on it, and the Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Weber (1943), are widely performed
- Paul I
- Russian czar (1796-1801) who led the first Russian military campaigns against Napoleonic France (1798-1800). His tyrannical reign was ended the following year in a coup d'état. King of Greece (1947-1964). After taking refuge in South Africa during World War II he returned to Greece in 1946 and succeeded to the throne the following year
- Paul III
- Pope (1534-1549) who initiated the Catholic Reformation and accepted (1545) the Jesuit order into the Church
- Paul Jackson Pollock
- born Jan. 28, 1912, Cody, Wyo., U.S. died Aug. 11, 1956, East Hampton, N.Y. U.S. painter. He grew up in California and Arizona. In the early 1930s he studied in New York City under Thomas Hart Benton, and later he was employed on the WPA Federal Art Project. In 1945 he married the artist Lee Krasner. Two years later, after several years of semiabstract work stimulated by psychotherapy, Pollock began to lay his canvas on the floor and pour or drip paint onto it in stages. This process permitted him to record the force and scope of his gestures in trajectories of enamel or aluminum paint that "veiled" the figurative elements found in his earlier work. The results were huge areas covered with complex and dynamic linear patterns that fuse image and form and engulf the vision of the spectator in their scale and intricacy. Pollock believed that art derived from the unconscious and judged his work and that of others on its inherent authenticity of personal expression. He became known as a leading practitioner of Abstract Expressionism, particularly the form known as action painting. Championed by critic Clement Greenberg and others, he became a celebrity. When he died in a car crash at 44, he was one of the few American painters to be recognized during his lifetime and afterward as the peer of 20th-century European masters of modern art
- Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse
- born March 15, 1830, Berlin, Prussia died April 2, 1914, Munich, Ger. German writer. An independent scholar, he led a circle of writers in Munich who sought to preserve traditional artistic values from the encroachment of political radicalism, materialism, and realism. His admired short stories and novellas were collected in numerous volumes; he also published novels, including Children of the World (1873) and Merlin (1892), and many unsuccessful plays. Among his best works are his translations of Giacomo Leopardi and other Italian and Spanish poets; many were set to music by Hugo Wolf. His popularity was already declining when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1910
- Paul Johannes Tillich
- born , Aug. 20, 1886, Starzeddel, Brandenburg, Ger. died Oct. 22, 1965, Chicago, Ill., U.S. German-born U.S. Protestant theologian. He studied at Berlin, Tübingen, and Halle and was a chaplain with the German army during World War I. He taught successively at Marburg, Dresden, and Frankfurt am Main. In 1933 the Nazi takeover prompted him to immigrate to the U.S. With the aid of Reinhold Niebuhr, he joined the faculty of New York's Union Theological Seminary. He became respected for his lucid preaching and his Systematic Theology, 3 vol. (1951-63). He moved to Harvard University in 1955 and to the University of Chicago in 1962. His theological system was an unusual combination of biblical, existentialist, and metaphysical elements, and he attempted to convey an understanding of God that depended neither on revelation nor on science. His other works include The Courage to Be (1952) and Dynamics of Faith (1957)
- Paul Joseph Goebbels
- {i} (1897-1945) minister of propaganda for the German Nazi party who persecuted Jewish people
- Paul Joseph Goebbels
- a German Nazi politician who controlled German propaganda during the Second World War (1897-1945). born Oct. 29, 1897, Rheydt, Ger. died May 1, 1945, Berlin German Nazi leader. After earning a doctorate from Heidelberg University, he joined the Nazi Party and was appointed district leader in Berlin by Adolf Hitler in 1926. A gifted speaker, Goebbels also edited the party's journal and began to create the Führer myth around Hitler, instituting the party demonstrations that helped convert the masses to Nazism. After Hitler seized power in 1933, Goebbels took control of the national propaganda machinery. During World War II he carried on a personal propaganda blitz to raise hopes on the home front. Named chancellor in Hitler's will, he remained with Hitler to the end. One day after Hitler's suicide, Goebbels and his wife killed themselves and their six children
- Paul Julius Baron von Reuter Reuter
- orig. Israel Beer Josaphat born July 21, 1816, Kassel, Electorate of Hesse died Feb. 25, 1899, Nice, France German founder of the news agency Reuters. He was a bank clerk and partner in a small publishing concern before initiating a prototype news service in Paris in 1849, using electric telegraphy and carrier pigeons in his network. He moved to England in 1851 and opened a telegraph office serving banks, brokerage houses, and leading business firms. He steadily extended his commercial news service, acquiring his first subscribing newspaper client in 1858. Undersea cables enabled him to expand the service to other continents
- Paul Julius Reuter
- {i} Baron von Reuter (1816-1899), German-born English journalist and founder of Reuters news agency
- Paul Kagame
- born October 1957, Rwanda President of Rwanda from 2000. An ethnic Tutsi, Kagame grew up in exile in Uganda, where in 1986 he helped overthrow Milton Obote in favour of Yoweri Museveni. In 1990 he helped direct an unsuccessful coup in Rwanda, and following the 1994 genocide that left almost one million Rwandans dead (most of them Tutsi), he assumed control of the joint Tutsi-Hutu opposition forces that soon controlled all of Rwanda. In July 1994 he was named vice president and minister of defense under Hutu president Pasteur Bizimungu. After Bizimungu resigned in 2000, Kagame was named president. In 1997 he was instrumental in the overthrow of Mobutu Sese Seko in neighbouring Zaire (Congo) and the installation of Laurent Kabila as president
- Paul Kane
- born Sept. 3, 1810, Mallow, Ire. died Feb. 20, 1871, Toronto, Ont., Can. Irish-born Canadian painter. His family immigrated to Canada in 1819. He worked mainly in Toronto but traveled as far as the Pacific coast depicting landscapes, Native American subjects, fur traders, and missionaries; he published an account of his adventures in Wanderings of an Artist (1859). Half of his paintings are portraits, works of great historical value in which he recorded the dress and ornaments of his subjects in accurate detail. He excelled at composing large figurative groups in a style similar to contemporary European genre painting
- Paul Klee
- a Swiss painter of abstract art (1879-1940). born Dec. 18, 1879, Münchenbuchsee, Switz. died June 29, 1940, Muralto Swiss painter. After studies in Germany and Italy, he settled in Munich, where he became associated with Der Blaue Reiter (1911). He taught at the Bauhaus (1920-31), then at the Düsseldorf Academy. He lost his post when the Nazis came to power in 1933 and returned to Switzerland. One of the foremost artists of the 20th century, he belonged to no movement, yet he assimilated and even anticipated some of the major artistic tendencies of his time. Using both representational and abstract approaches, he produced some 9,000 paintings, drawings, and watercolours in a great variety of styles. His works, which tend to be small in scale, are remarkable for their delicate nuances of line, colour, and tonality. In Klee's highly sophisticated art, irony and a sense of the absurd are joined to an intense evocation of the mystery and beauty of nature. Music figures prominently in his work in his many images of opera and musicians, and to some extent as a model for his compositions. But literature had the greater pull on him; his art is steeped in poetic and mythic allusion, and the titles he gave to his pictures tend to charge them with additional meanings. His late paintings, anticipating his approaching death, are among his most memorable
- Paul Klee
- {i} (1879-1940) Swiss artist and art theorist, member of the Blaue Reiter group, creator of "The Twittering Machine" and "Fish Magic
- Paul Kruger
- orig. Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger born Oct. 10, 1825, Cradock district, Cape Colony died July 14, 1904, Clarens, Switz. South African soldier and statesman, noted as the builder of the Afrikaner nation. As a boy of 10, Kruger took part in the Great Trek and was impressed by the ability of the Boers to defend themselves against hostile African peoples and to establish an orderly government. When the British annexed the Transvaal in 1877, Kruger became the recognized champion of his people in the struggle to regain independence. After leading a series of armed attacks, he succeeded in obtaining limited independence and was elected president of the restored republic (1883-1902). In 1895 he fended off an attempt by Cecil Rhodes and Leander Starr Jameson to end Boer control of the republic. His age prevented his participation in the South African War and he retreated to the Netherlands; he died in Switzerland and was buried (December 1904) in Pretoria, S.Af
- Paul L. Dunbar
- {i} (1872-1906), African-American poet and novelist
- Paul Langerhans
- {i} (1847-1888) German anatomist and medical doctor
- Paul Laurence Dunbar
- born June 27, 1872, Dayton, Ohio, U.S. died Feb. 9, 1906, Dayton U.S. author. The son of former slaves, Dunbar became the first African American writer to try to live by his writings and one of the first to attain national prominence. He wrote for a largely white readership, using black dialect and depicting the pre-Civil War South in pastoral, idyllic tones. His verse collections include Oak and Ivy (1893), Majors and Minors (1895), and Lyrics of Lowly Life (1896). His poems reached a wide readership, and he gave readings in the U.S. and England. He also published four short-story collections and four novels, including The Sport of the Gods (1902)
- Paul Laurence Dunbar
- {i} (1872-1906) African-American poet and novelist, author of "Oak and Ivy" and "Folks from Dixie
- Paul Mark Scott
- born March 25, 1920, Palmers Green, Eng. died March 1, 1978, London British novelist. Scott entered military service in India in the 1940s and later was a director of a London literary agency; he resigned in 1960 to write full-time. He is known for works chronicling the decline of the British occupation of India, notably The Raj Quartet consisting of The Jewel in the Crown (1966), The Day of the Scorpion (1968), The Towers of Silence (1971), and A Division of the Spoils (1975) and Staying On (1977, Booker Prize). All his works, including those set outside India, employ Indian themes or characters
- Paul Martin
- in full Paul Joseph Martin, Jr. born Aug. 28, 1938, Windsor, Ont., Can. Canadian prime minister (from 2003). The son of Paul Joseph Martin, who served as a minister in four Liberal governments, the younger Martin studied law at the University of Toronto and was called to the bar in 1966. Instead of practicing law, however, he joined Canada Steamship Lines, a freight carrier that he purchased in 1981. From 1993 to 2002 Martin, a member of the Liberal Party, served as the minister of finance in Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's government. Highly successful in the post, Martin eliminated a large budget deficit, achieved five consecutive budget surpluses, and secured the largest tax cut in Canadian history. In 2003 Martin succeeded Chrétien as leader of the Liberal Party and as prime minister
- Paul McCartney
- {i} (born 1942) British composer and singer, member of the rock band "The Beatles
- Paul McCartney
- a British singer and songwriter, now Sir Paul McCartney, who was a member of The Beatles, and who wrote most of their songs with John Lennon. He led a new band called Wings in the 1970s, and has continued writing and performing music. His wife, Linda McCartney (1941-98), was a photographer who formed a company that sold ready-made vegetarian food (1942- )
- Paul Newman
- {i} (born 1925) American actor and film director, winner of several Academy Awards
- Paul Newman
- born Jan. 26, 1925, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. U.S. film actor. He studied drama at Yale University and the Actors Studio and first appeared on Broadway in Picnic (1953). In 1954 he made his screen debut in the disastrous biblical epic The Silver Chalice. He won favourable notice in Somebody up There Likes Me (1956) and The Long Hot Summer (1958). In many of his best-remembered roles, he captured the darker, less heroic aspects of a character's nature, as in such successful films as The Hustler (1961), Hud (1963), Cool Hand Luke (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), The Color of Money (1986; Academy Award), and Nobody's Fool (1994). He directed and produced films such as Rachel, Rachel (1968) and The Glass Menagerie (1987), both of which starred his wife, Joanne Woodward. In 1982 he launched the successful "Newman's Own" line of food products, with its profits going to a number of charitable causes
- Paul Poiret
- born April 20, 1879, Paris, Fr. died April 30, 1944, Paris French fashion designer. After working in the Parisian fashion house of Charles Frederick Worth, he opened his own shop in 1902. In 1908 he revived the Empire style, popular in France during the reign of Napoleon I. Seeking to restore naturalness to female garb, he was principally responsible for the decline of the corset. He is best known for the hobble skirt, to which he later added draped and belted knee-length tunics. Fringed and tasseled capes, multicoloured feathers, and fox stoles imparted a theatrical look to his designs. His flowing Greek costumes were extremely popular in the prewar era, but his popularity faded in the 1920s and he died in poverty
- Paul R Ehrlich
- born May 29, 1932, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. biologist. He studied at the University of Kansas and taught at Stanford University from 1959. Though much of his research was done in entomology, his overriding concern became unchecked population growth. His most influential work was The Population Bomb (1968). In 1990 he shared with Edward O. Wilson Sweden's prestigious Crafoord Prize
- Paul Ralph Ehrlich
- born May 29, 1932, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. biologist. He studied at the University of Kansas and taught at Stanford University from 1959. Though much of his research was done in entomology, his overriding concern became unchecked population growth. His most influential work was The Population Bomb (1968). In 1990 he shared with Edward O. Wilson Sweden's prestigious Crafoord Prize
- Paul Revere
- {i} (1735-1818) American silversmith made famous by his "Midnight Ride" to mobilize soldiers to fight the invading British Forces at the start of the Revolutionary War
- Paul Revere
- an American folk hero who rode at night on the 18th April 1775 to the town of Concord in Massachusetts, in order to warn the people there that the British soldiers were coming. The next day the American Revolutionary War started. His brave action is described in Longfellow 's poem Paul Revere's Ride (1735-1818). born , Jan. 1, 1735, Boston, Mass. died May 10, 1818, Boston American patriot and silversmith. He entered his father's trade as a silversmith and engraver. An ardent supporter of the colonists' cause, he took part in the Boston Tea Party. As the principal rider for Boston's Committee of Safety, he arranged to signal the British approach by having lanterns placed in Boston's Old North Church steeple: "One if by land and two if by sea." On April 18, 1775, he set off to ride to Lexington to alert colonists that British troops were on the march and to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock to flee. Though he was stopped by a British patrol, he was able to alert the patriot leaders; because of his warning, the minutemen were prepared for the Battle of Lexington and the start of the American Revolution. His ride was celebrated in a famous poem by Henry W. Longfellow (1863). During the war, Revere constructed a powder mill to supply colonial arms. After the war he discovered a process for rolling sheet copper and opened a rolling mill that produced sheathing for ships such as the USS Constitution. He continued to design handsome silver bowls, flatware, and utensils that are museum pieces today
- Paul Reynaud
- born Oct. 15, 1878, Barcelonnette, France died Sept. 21, 1966, Paris French politician and premier (1940). After serving in World War I, he served in the Chamber of Deputies (1919-24, 1928-40) and in cabinet positions (1930-32). As minister of finance (1938-40) and premier (1940), he called on France to resist Nazi Germany. After the German invasion, Reynaud resigned rather than conclude an armistice; he was arrested and kept in captivity (1940-45). He returned to the Chamber of Deputies (1946-62) and helped draft the constitution of the Fifth Republic
- Paul Robeson
- a US singer and actor, famous for his beautiful, deep singing voice and for his communist beliefs and his work to achieve civil rights for black people in the US. He sang the song Ol' Man River in the film Showboat (1936) (1898-1976). born April 9, 1898, Princeton, N.J., U.S. died Jan. 23, 1976, Philadelphia, Pa. U.S. singer, actor, and activist. Born to a former slave turned preacher and a Quaker mother, Robeson attended Rutgers University, where he was an All-America football player. Graduating at the head of his class, he went on to earn a law degree at Columbia University. Because of a lack of opportunity for A
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